Aeroplane.



n.1. M. muSMussEN AERorLANE.

APPLICATION FILED HM.

Patented 1360.4, 1917.

l SHEETS-SHEET 1.

H. RASMUSSEN.

AERPLNE...

APPucArlou msn nlm. s. |913,

Patented 1500.4,1911

1 SHEETS-SHEET 2 H. l. M. RASMUSSEN.

AEHOPLANE.

APPLICATION 'FILED MAR. B, |913- l y Patented Dec. 4,1917.

1 248,545 z sains-suur 3 Eig.' S.

fwn/fron wlmfssfs:

. mo/mgm H..1. M. RIASMUSSEN,

AEROPLANE. x

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 8,19l3.

1 ,248,545. Putencd Dec. 4, 1917.

A TTORNEYS.

Fammi uw. 4,1917.

1 SHEETS-SHET 7 1. Nl 9 E l. S 8 s UEM MNM. SMN u MMU. Rrr 'E N MAW .l T I A 1 c H U r DI nl A 'Ami/Mrs y WITNESSgS: L/M

.u .l i planes, with arts Vbroken away, together HANS J. M. aasmussnn, or cnrcaeo, ILLINOIS.-

y Announce. 1,248,545. speculation of marinaio. rammed De@ 4, 1917,

' Application lied March 8, 1913. Serial No.V 752,853. i ITo all whom tracyy concern: a fragment of the main supporting column IBe it known that LHans J. M. RAsMUsy trol bot .aste-direction of flight and withl 12o tages, referenceumay beha emga subject of the-KingV of Denmark,

Vresiding at" Chicago; county ofCook,1State of Illinois, have invented a certain new'and useful Improvement in Aero lanes and declare the following to beV a ll, clear, and

Aelair'stdescription o f the same, such'as will enable-others skilled in `the art to which it pgxtains 'to make and `use the me, reference in had to the accompanyi g drawings, whic form1 a part of this eciiication.

My invention relates to ying machines of'the kind which are heavier'than air andV has for its object to produce a simple 'and novel 'construction 'and arrangementv of planes hich'will'give a wider4 range ofcoureferenc' to maintaining stability and which, .if desired, will permit the machine 'to rise directly fromaposition of rest.

The various features of novelty 'whereby Vmy .invention is characterized Y willl .hereinafter pointed out" with particularity inA lthe claims; but, for. a full understanding of4 advanto the followfing detailed description taken in connection V`.withlthe Vaccompanying drawings, wherein: y re 1 is-a bottom plan View of a machine` arranged in accordance with a preferred form of my invention;

Figi 2 is a front elevation of the'machinm -Fg. 3 isA a side elevation;

Fig. t is a longitudinal y"vertical section on a somewhat larger scale, the ends ofthe .my invention and of its l y machine being omitted;v

,ig, 5 is a section jsome'what similar 14 taken `at one side ofthe longitudinal .may y 5 is aview 'clresponding tothe pper portion of-Illig. 5, showingthe main fp" arles 1n a dilfereut position from that' occugled ilu-Fig. 5.

" ig.' 5b isan edge `view of. 'one of the witha piece o the swinging frame: """`Fig. 6` is acent'ra'l` vertical section teken at right langles to the plane of Fig; 4;

"Figl '('s a section, taken approximately 'online (-7 of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is asectiontaken approximately on line 8-8 of Figzi;

vertical' section through ywhich the rotatingA carriage or frame 1s mounted `on the stationary carriage;

Flg. 11 isla detail of the connections for one 'of thecontrolling cables and f Fi 4`eferringto the drawings, 1 represents a suitable truck on which is mounted a" suitable open frame, 2, carrying on one, end a propeller, 3, and on the other end a rudder and balancing 'plane device, 4. Between theV ends of' thel frame is a hollow vertical post o-r column, 5, and surrounding this column or post is a main carriage, 6, sup portedat its upper end from the upper portion 02E the main frame. The main'carrlage does not extend down to the truck or to the lowermernbers of the main frame but lies Aatsome distance above the same so as to` leave an unobstructed space" beneath it and 'surrounding the post or column. Surrounding the main carriage is an auxiliary carriage, '7, which is connected to and4 supported bythe main carriage in such a way 4that itca'n rotate freely around the same Thisv connection may conveniently take the form illustrated in Fig. 10, the.' carriage 7 having near its upper enda pair of `separated parallel yannular tracks B-,between which extendsl an annular Hangs or track, 9, carried by the stationarycarriage. Suitable friction bearingsfmay be laced between' the. tracl'xs so that the auxiliary carriage-mayA revolve on Athe stationary carriage without meeting. any 'considerable -fri'ctio'nal resistance. Surrounding' the vcolumn or postljadlrevoluble thereon 1s anfelongated tubular rnembe r,10, which is fixed atits. lower end'to'the bottom of the auxiliary carriage ao as' Vto refvolve therewith, the member passingfthrough an opening in the bottom of the's dtatinary carriage. y nl, i' C 'H desired,f,-th ere may be a second pm- Fig. l2 is a section on line 12-12 of and at the Sametime be held against ver-A -tioa1 movement thereon.

peller,.11,'arranged to revolveabout avcrtical axis at4 the top of the .mach latter propeller may conveniently bemountj edson the upper end of the shaft 12 which,

extends down" through the hollow post 5. 'A

ine. This the hollow ost 'serves to' drive the rotatable carriage; t is being accomplished by providing the rotatable carriage with an annular rack, 14, 'with which mesh gears, 15, mounted on transverse shafts, 1.6, which are in turn geared to the upper end of the shaft 13 as indicated at 17. LThe engine or motor for the machine may be conveniently mounted on .the frame *below the two carriages as indicated at 18, the shaft of the engine or motor extending transversely through the hollow post and being geared to the Shafts 12 and 13, suitable clutches being of course provided so that either or both-shafts 12 and 13 may be disconnected from the engine. The engine shaft is'also geared to a suitable shaft,19, which extends to the propeller 3 and is geared to or otherwise connected with the propeller to actuate the same.

At opposite sides of the machine are arranged vertical swinging fra-mes, 20 and 21, these frames being pivotally connected at the center and near `the top thereof to the rotating carriage, as indicated at 22. On these Vframes are mounted the main planes of the machine` In the arrangement shown, each of the main planes 25 and 26 is made in two parts, each plane being divided in the mid dle along ya transverse line soy as to have a front half and a rear half. Each half of each plane is supported atabout its center Aof gravity by a universal joint, 27, these joints being preferably between the members of the planes and outwardly and upwardly projecting braces or arms, 23, se-

cured to the swinging frames below theplanes. This arrangement permitsl each plane to'be swung as a unit about a horizontal axis by simply swinging the frame on which it isl mounted, it being possible to tilt both of the planes in the same direction or in 'opposite directions so as to give them a. screw formation. Each plane can also be swung as a unit about a longitudinal l1orizontal axis passing through its center of gravity, or the two halves ofweaeh plane may v beswung about transverse?, axes passing through 'their points of Su'fiport, It will thus be seen that when the auxiliary carriage is not revolving, the `main planes may be shifted into various positions to control the eleva-tion and the balance both when moving in a straight line up or down or in turning curves either .to Athe right or to the left. It will also be seen that by adjusting the planes .into the form of a. screw and set-ting the revoluble carriage in rotation, a powerful lifting effort will be created so that the machine may be raised from a position of rest,

being given also a forward movement it the main propeller is 'operating The lifting upper propeller, 11,-in operation.

n the arrangement shown, there are auxlllary planes, 30 and 31, supported on the force may be increased bv 'setting alsot-he main frame of the machine atiove the car- ,riages and below the auxiliary propeller. The auxiliary planes are preferably supported in about the same wayas the main planes although each is referably made in the form of a single mem er instead ofbeing divided into two parts. -Inzthe arrangement shown, the auxiliary planes are supported on universal joints, 32, at approximately the longitudinal center and at a distance from the outer edges equal to about two-thirds of the width of the planes. This permits each plane to be tilted about a transverse horizontal axis, this axis being the same for both palnes, and'it also permits them to be tilted about se arated horizontal axes extending longitudinally of the machine. rf

The several planes may be operated by means of suitable cables or the like extending' to suitable controllers'f, mounted within the main carriage. Where it is desired to be able to give the maint-planes a rotary movement, as illustrated,` provision' must be made to prevent vsuch 'rotary movement from interfering with the necessary cables or connections and to permit the main planes to'be shifted, while rotating, to vary their inclinations. f

The tilting of the auxiliary: planes about sis the transverse axis may be-accomplished hv means of cables 33, connected to the front and rear ends of these planes and extending over suitable, guides to' a controller, 34," in the main carriage. ,Similarly the, shifting of the auxiliary planes around the lon itudinal axes may be accomplished bysu'ltable endless cables, 35, each of which is connected to the inner edge of l,one of the planes and both of which extend down to a suitable controller, 36, in the main carriage.

The tilting of the main planes about longitudinal axes, and the tilting ofthe two halves of each plane about transverse axes may be accomplished by means of suitable endless cables, 40 and 41, respectively, these cables being mounted to vrun over suitable guides or pulleys on the two swinging frames. Each of the cables 10 is connected,

to the inner edge of one of the halves of the main planes, at a ends of that. half, as indicated at 40, while each of the cables 41 is connected to oneof the halves of the where along the dividing line between the two vcomplel'nentary halves,` as indicated at' 4P. If the cables 40 areactuated alone,4 each main plane will be .tilted as a unit'about its longitudinal pivotal axis. If only the cables 41 are actuated, the two halves of` lanes atta point soine- `omt between the each plane will be swung around `their indi# vidual transverse pivotal axes. swinging frames are carried .by the revolu` ble carriage,'some p rovision mustbe made for disconnecting t e actuating means for Since the membergifl-"l, adapted to thecables 4() and 41 from the controllers i-n the stationary carriage at the times when the other' carriage is revolving. To this end I have arranged in the bottom .of the ro- `tatable carriage a controlling and holding device, 42,

for the cables 40 and a similar device, 43, tor controlling the cables 41. In the main, carriage is a suitable operating be swung into and. out ofA operative relation to the device 42 to thenwithasimilar operating inemljier, 45, or the device 43. Ordinarily', when the aux iliary carriage is not rotating, the operating members 44- and 45 may be brought into cngagement withy the holcling and actuating members for the cables 40 and 41,`being disals connected, however, when the auxiliary carriae is to be rotated.

incethe swinging frames are movable on the auxiliary carriage, the cables 4() and 41xcannot .be connected directly to the holding and operating members 42 and 43, but the connection must include some means to compensate forthe swinging ymovementof 25 thev frames. 4In the arrangement shown,

there is connected' between each of the meinbers 42 and 43 and the cables controlled thereby ar shaft, 47, having a slip joint, 48, and. a linge' joint, 49, as best shown in Figs. 11 andv 12. Ihe cables 4G and 41 are con trolled lby the rotation of. these shafts and,J

es 2O and 21 are swung, the slip 4e joints 49 in. the sha its 47 per;

as the fran joints and mit the shafts to become lengthened and to.

swing into positions making an angle with the normal positions.`

' I 'The means for moving the swinging frames and thus tilting the main planes bodily about a transverse axis is follows: Asiwill best be seen in Fig. 8, an endless vsuitable way to theiframe 20. The portions of the cable lying,rr on opposite sides of the point of connection. of the swinging frame pass over two pulleys, 51 and 52, mountedon the auxiliary fra-me 7 and separated from each other in vvthe longitudinal direction. The two. por- 5'- l other andpass over pulleys,

` 4 are-led to two pulleys,

. bular .member this ring an tions Y.of the cable then extend'toward each the revoluble carriage at its transverse axis. As will best be seen-1n Fig. 6, the two strands. of the cable, after leaving thefpulleys 53, 54, lyinlusty at one sideof the sleeve or tube 10 an lfrom there extend u the side o :the tub'e and over,- a pulley,r5L at the top; 4It will thus be seen that the4 "cable 50 Ais brought up inside of` orted inf;` .theauxfs o'sely surroundin tlietu'f.y

the 4stationary carriage and su such a way that inay revolve wit iliary carriage. A

IQ is a rmg, 56, the etailsof which are 'bestfishown in .,Fig.' B. Within slidable on the member lOis a second ring,f'57, the two-rin Q locked so .that they may rc aterelative to 53, mounted on Y proximately s being 'inten each other but are compelled to move up .and down thetubular. member as a'single unitn One strand of the cable is fastened to the ring 57 and the other passes freely through an opening, 58, in the ring.

lAssociated with the outer ring, '56, is an endless cable, 60, one Strand of which is se cured to the outer ring and the'bther not. This cable passes over a ulley, 61, fastened lo a stationary part of t i from there down over a pulleyor pulleys, 62, ou the licor of the main carriage. From the pulley or pulleys 62 the cable passes to a suitable controller, 63. controller G3 thc ring 56 may be moved up and flown along tl'ic'member 10, carrying with it the ring 57 and thus causing `the cable 50 to be actuated and swinging `the frame 20 in one direction' or the other. cable corresponding to the cable.- 50 and a cable ccrresl'ionding to the cable 6() are" independently of -the other or both be actu- `ated together so as ycure any to make it possible to desired combination of angular positions of the two mainplanes ,while the auxiliary carriage is rotating. i

1. In a ilying machine, a frame, horizontal planes lyingl on oppositesides of the axis oi the machine, each of said planes'comprising two parts lying on opposite sides of a transverse line, and supporting means for said planes'constructerl and arranged to per Init each plane as a Whole to bc moved ange larly about two horizontal axes at righiangles to each other and each part of each plane to be moved angularly about a transA verse horizontal axis.

2. Ari aeroplane having main planes, and means for supporting said planessoais/to permit them to be arranged either in apm horizont-al planes or in and also from the side of the aeroplane, Iand. auxiliary planes lyingy abov and between the main planes.

3. In an aeroplane,l a frame, main plane.

lying on opposite sides of the fina-lr` frarne, means for suppe ting the-main planar; `Sofas to `permit', each to be swung about a transverse "axis andV aal/,longitudinal axis, 'auxiliary 'planes permit-'each wththe aforesaid 'axes` en `aeroplane; ar frame, horizontal e framework and lying above the 'frame-[and By actuating the llf \ftra Vshaped formation as viewed from thev froi:l

to be swung' about 'axesy rse planes lying on opposite sides of the frame, each of said planes comprising two parts lying on opposite sides of a transverse line, and supporting means for said planes constructed. and arranged to permit each plane to be movednngularly about a longitudinal axis so as tp bring its outer edge above the inner edgeand each part of; each plane to be moved .a'iigularly about a transverse hori zontal axis so as to bring the front vind rear ends of the planes higher than the middle portions.

5. An aeroplane having main planes, and means for supporting said )lanes so as to permit them to be moved rom horizmital positions to positions which give them the appearance of a V viewed from the r'ont and also from' the side.

6. InO anaeroplane, a fra-lne, horizontal planes lying on opposite sides of the frame, means for mounting said planes so as to permit each to be swung about a transverse horizontal axis and a longitudinal horizontal axis passing approximately through the center of the plane, and means for revolving said planes about a vertical axis.

I. In an aeroplane, frame, main horizontal planes mounted on the frame so as to be capable of swinging about two horizontal axes at right angles to each other, and means for revolving said frame about a vertical aXis arranged between the planes. i

8. In an aeroplane, a main frame, vertically arranged auxiliary frames hung from their upper ends at opposite sides vof the main frame so as to be `movable about. a horizontal transverse aXis, a plane carried by each of said auxiliary frames and arranged to be moved angularly thereon about a longitudinal axis, and means connected with the lower end of each auxiliary frame for swinging the same.

9. In an aeroplane, a frame, horizontal planes lying on opposite sides of the longi tudinal axis of the frame, eachl plane being divided into two parts along aA transverse line, the parts of each plane being so arrangedfthat when in alinement they form a continuoussurface, means for swinging each plane as awhole about a longitudinal axis,

and means", for swinging .the parts' of each )lane about parallel transverse aires so as to bring the adjacent ends of the parts of each plane'below the front and rear ends.

10. An aeroplane having main planes, and means for supporting said planes so as to permit them to be arranged either in ap proximately horizontalrplanes or into a V- shaped formation as viewed from the front and also from the side of the aeroplane.

11. In an aeroplane, a frame, horizontal planes lying on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of lthe frame, each plane being divided into two parts along a transverse line, ther parts of each plane being so arranged that when in alinement they l'orin a continuous surface, means for swinging each plane as a whole about. a 'transverse axis, and means for swinging the parts of each plane abouti parallel transverse axes.

12. In an aeroplane, a frame, horizontal planes lying on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the frame, each plane being divided into two parts along a transverse line, the parts of each plane. being so arranged that when in aliuenient vthe;I iorm a continuous surface, means for swinging each plane as a Whole about its longitudinal center line, and means for swinging the parts of each plane about parallel transverse axes.

13. In an aeroplane, a frame, horizontal planes for lifting the machine lying on 0pposite sides of the longitudinalvaxis of the machine, means for mounting each of said HANS J.'M. RASM-USSEN. i

Witnesses: I WM. F. FBEUDnNn'E-IQH,

RUTH E. Znmnvm. 

